Walkability

Walkability scores for each census tract were obtained from the EPA** **Smart Location Database. To calculate the percentage of residents living in the most walkable block groups in the city, we followed these steps:

• We obtained the Walkability Index scores for every Census 2019 block group in the U.S. as calculated by the EPA.
  • The EPA considered a block group's intersection density, proximity to transit stops, and the diversity of land use (the relative mix of employment types and the relative mix of employment and household land use) from the Smart Location Database for ranking every block group in the United States.
  • Each block group was assigned four ranked scores, one for each of the variables above. To score block groups, the block groups were placed into 20 quantiles by variable value (quantiles are groupings with equal numbers of records), each containing 5 percent of the total block groups.
  • The block groups were then assigned a rank from 1 to 20 depending upon their quantile position. The ranked scores were then combined using a weighted formula.
• Then, we linked census block groups to their corresponding city using the geographic boundaries from the 2019 Census Tigris.
• This crosswalk was then used to extract Walkability Index scores for block groups associated with each city.
• We then sorted block groups into the EPA's walkability categories (least walkable, below average walkable, above average walkable, most walkable)
• We obtained the total number of city residents by block group from the ACS
• Finally, we calculated the percentage of residents living in "most walkable" block groups by dividing the total population in all "most walkable" block groups by the total population of the city.

For more information on the source data, please visit the source's site here.

Walkability scores for each census tract were obtained from the EPA** **Smart Location Database. To calculate the percentage of residents living in the most walkable block groups by age group in the city, we followed these steps:

• We obtained the Walkability Index scores for every Census 2019 block group in the U.S. as calculated by the EPA.
  • The EPA considered a block group's intersection density, proximity to transit stops, and the diversity of land use (the relative mix of employment types and the relative mix of employment and household land use) from the Smart Location Database for ranking every block group in the United States.
  • Each block group was assigned four ranked scores, one for each of the variables above. To score block groups, the block groups were placed into 20 quantiles by variable value (quantiles are groupings with equal numbers of records), each containing 5 percent of the total block groups.
  • The block groups were then assigned a rank from 1 to 20 depending upon their quantile position. The ranked scores were then combined using a weighted formula.
• Then, we linked census block groups to their corresponding city using the geographic boundaries from the 2019 Census Tigris.
• This crosswalk was then used to extract Walkability Index scores for block groups associated with each city.
• We then sorted block groups into the EPA's walkability categories (least walkable, below average walkable, above average walkable, most walkable)
• We obtained the total number of city residents by age group by block group from the ACS
• Finally, we calculated the percentage of residents living in "most walkable" block groups by dividing the total population of each age category in all "most walkable" block groups by the total population of the city.

For more information on the source data, please visit the source's site here.

Walkability scores for each census tract were obtained from the EPA** **Smart Location Database. To calculate the distribution of walkability scores by block group in the city, we followed these steps:

• We obtained the Walkability Index scores for every Census 2019 block group in the U.S. as calculated by the EPA.
  • The EPA considered a block group's intersection density, proximity to transit stops, and the diversity of land use (the relative mix of employment types and the relative mix of employment and household land use) from the Smart Location Database for ranking every block group in the United States.
  • Each block group was assigned four ranked scores, one for each of the variables above. To score block groups, the block groups were placed into 20 quantiles by variable value (quantiles are groupings with equal numbers of records), each containing 5 percent of the total block groups.
  • The block groups were then assigned a rank from 1 to 20 depending upon their quantile position. The ranked scores were then combined using a weighted formula.
• Then, we linked census block groups to their corresponding city using the geographic boundaries from the 2019 Census Tigris.
• This crosswalk was then used to extract Walkability Index scores for block groups associated with each city.
• We then sorted block groups into the EPA's walkability categories (least walkable, below average walkable, above average walkable, most walkable)
• Finally, we calculated the total number of block groups in each block group categories for the entire city.

For more information on the methodology and calculations, please visit the source's site here.

Walkability scores for each census tract were obtained from the EPA** Smart Location Database. **To calculate the distribution of walkability scores by block group in the city, we followed these steps:

• We obtained the Walkability Index scores for every Census 2019 block group in the U.S. as calculated by the EPA.
  • The EPA considered a block group's intersection density, proximity to transit stops, and the diversity of land use (the relative mix of employment types and the relative mix of employment and household land use) from the Smart Location Database for ranking every block group in the United States.
  • Each block group was assigned four ranked scores, one for each of the variables above. To score block groups, the block groups were placed into 20 quantiles by variable value (quantiles are groupings with equal numbers of records), each containing 5 percent of the total block groups.
  • The block groups were then assigned a rank from 1 to 20 depending upon their quantile position. The ranked scores were then combined using a weighted formula.
• Then, we linked census block groups to their corresponding city using the geographic boundaries from the 2019 Census Tigris.
• This crosswalk was then used to extract Walkability Index scores for block groups associated with each city.
• Finally, we calculated the total number of block groups in each block group score (1-20) for the entire city.

For more information on the methodology and calculations, please visit the source's site here.

Walkability scores for each census tract were obtained from the EPA** **Smart Location Database. To calculate the percentage of residents living in the most walkable block groups by ethnicity in the city, we followed these steps:

• We obtained the Walkability Index scores for every Census 2019 block group in the U.S. as calculated by the EPA.
  • The EPA considered a block group's intersection density, proximity to transit stops, and the diversity of land use (the relative mix of employment types and the relative mix of employment and household land use) from the Smart Location Database for ranking every block group in the United States.
  • Each block group was assigned four ranked scores, one for each of the variables above. To score block groups, the block groups were placed into 20 quantiles by variable value (quantiles are groupings with equal numbers of records), each containing 5 percent of the total block groups.
  • The block groups were then assigned a rank from 1 to 20 depending upon their quantile position. The ranked scores were then combined using a weighted formula.
• Then, we linked census block groups to their corresponding city using the geographic boundaries from the 2019 Census Tigris.
• This crosswalk was then used to extract Walkability Index scores for block groups associated with each city.
• We then sorted block groups into the EPA's walkability categories (least walkable, below average walkable, above average walkable, most walkable)
• We obtained the total number of city residents by ethnicity for each block group from the ACS
• Finally, we calculated the percentage of residents living in "most walkable" block groups by dividing the total population of each ethnicity category in all "most walkable" block groups by the total population of the city.

For more information on the source data, please visit the source's site here.

Walkability scores for each census tract were obtained from the EPA** **Smart Location Database. To calculate the percentage of residents living in the most walkable block groups by poverty status in the city, we followed these steps:

• We obtained the Walkability Index scores for every Census 2019 block group in the U.S. as calculated by the EPA.
  • The EPA considered a block group's intersection density, proximity to transit stops, and the diversity of land use (the relative mix of employment types and the relative mix of employment and household land use) from the Smart Location Database for ranking every block group in the United States.
  • Each block group was assigned four ranked scores, one for each of the variables above. To score block groups, the block groups were placed into 20 quantiles by variable value (quantiles are groupings with equal numbers of records), each containing 5 percent of the total block groups.
  • The block groups were then assigned a rank from 1 to 20 depending upon their quantile position. The ranked scores were then combined using a weighted formula.
• Then, we linked census block groups to their corresponding city using the geographic boundaries from the 2019 Census Tigris.
• This crosswalk was then used to extract Walkability Index scores for block groups associated with each city.
• We then sorted block groups into the EPA's walkability categories (least walkable, below average walkable, above average walkable, most walkable)
• We obtained the total number of city residents by poverty status for each block group from the ACS
• Finally, we calculated the percentage of residents living in "most walkable" block groups by dividing the total population of each population status category in all "most walkable" block groups by the total population of the city.

For more information on the source data, please visit the source's site here.

Walkability scores for each census tract were obtained from the EPA** **Smart Location Database. To calculate the percentage of residents living in the most walkable block groups by race in the city, we followed these steps:

• We obtained the Walkability Index scores for every Census 2019 block group in the U.S. as calculated by the EPA.
  • The EPA considered a block group's intersection density, proximity to transit stops, and the diversity of land use (the relative mix of employment types and the relative mix of employment and household land use) from the Smart Location Database for ranking every block group in the United States.
  • Each block group was assigned four ranked scores, one for each of the variables above. To score block groups, the block groups were placed into 20 quantiles by variable value (quantiles are groupings with equal numbers of records), each containing 5 percent of the total block groups.
  • The block groups were then assigned a rank from 1 to 20 depending upon their quantile position. The ranked scores were then combined using a weighted formula.
• Then, we linked census block groups to their corresponding city using the geographic boundaries from the 2019 Census Tigris.
• This crosswalk was then used to extract Walkability Index scores for block groups associated with each city.
• We then sorted block groups into the EPA's walkability categories (least walkable, below average walkable, above average walkable, most walkable)
• We obtained the total number of city residents by race for each block group from the ACS
• Finally, we calculated the percentage of residents living in "most walkable" block groups by dividing the total population of each race category in all "most walkable" block groups by the total population of the city.

For more information on the source data, please visit the source's site here.

Walkability scores for each census tract were obtained from the EPA** **Smart Location Database. To calculate the percentage of residents living in the most walkable block groups by transportation to work in the city, we followed these steps:

• We obtained the Walkability Index scores for every Census 2019 block group in the U.S. as calculated by the EPA.
  • The EPA considered a block group's intersection density, proximity to transit stops, and the diversity of land use (the relative mix of employment types and the relative mix of employment and household land use) from the Smart Location Database for ranking every block group in the United States.
  • Each block group was assigned four ranked scores, one for each of the variables above. To score block groups, the block groups were placed into 20 quantiles by variable value (quantiles are groupings with equal numbers of records), each containing 5 percent of the total block groups.
  • The block groups were then assigned a rank from 1 to 20 depending upon their quantile position. The ranked scores were then combined using a weighted formula.
• Then, we linked census block groups to their corresponding city using the geographic boundaries from the 2019 Census Tigris.
• This crosswalk was then used to extract Walkability Index scores for block groups associated with each city.
• We then sorted block groups into the EPA's walkability categories (least walkable, below average walkable, above average walkable, most walkable)
• We obtained the total number of city residents by transportation type to work for each block group from the ACS
• Finally, we calculated the percentage of residents living in "most walkable" block groups by dividing the total population of each transportation to work category in all "most walkable" block groups by the total population of the city.

For more information on the source data, please visit the source's site here.